Modulation by biologic response modifiers of hepatitis C virus antigen-independent cytokine secretion in blood mononuclear cells
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Updated: Oct 22, 2026

Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice
Published on: September 25, 2019
J Martín1, J A Quiroga, S Navas
1Department of Hepatology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.
Abstract:
The systemic hepatitis C virus (HCV) antigen-non-specific cytokine responses were investigated in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Cytokines of the T helper (Th) 1 [interferon (IFN)gamma and interleukin (IL)-2] and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) phenotype, and the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor alphaIL-1beta and IL-6, were secreted by the cells activated by the HCV antigen-independent pathway. Furthermore, these cytokine responses were shifted towards a Th1 predominance by treatment with IFN-beta and with IL-2, whereas cytokine responses were selectively amplified towards a combined Th1-Th2 profile by granulocyte-macrophage- but not by macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Moreover, pro-inflammatory cytokine production was significantly enhanced by IFN-beta and augmented dose-dependently with GM-CSF and IL-2. Therefore, these immune mediators can promote unique-as well as overlapping-systemic cytokine responses that may be relevant for immunotherapeutic interventions to control HCV infection.
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