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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Updated: May 5, 2026

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation

Published on: May 2, 2013

Dithiothreitol has a dose-response effect on cell surface antigen expression.

D Qiu¹, W C Tan

¹Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

|May 18, 1999

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Dithiothreitol (DTT) alters antigen expression on lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils. This study highlights potential impacts on induced sputum analysis, necessitating further research into DTT's effects on cell surface markers.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Cell Biology
Respiratory Medicine

Background:

Dithiothreitol (DTT) is crucial for induced sputum examination, a noninvasive method for assessing airway inflammation.
Previous studies indicate DTT does not impact cell morphology, differential counts, or cytokine levels in sputum.
The effect of DTT on cell surface marker expression remains largely uninvestigated.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of varying DTT concentrations on peripheral blood cell antigen expression.
To compare antigen expression in DTT-treated cells versus phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated control cells.

Main Methods:

Peripheral blood from healthy donors was treated with DTT or PBS.
Cells were incubated with fluorescence-labeled antibodies targeting surface markers.
Flow cytometry was used to analyze mean fluorescence intensity of antigen expression on identified cell populations.

Main Results:

DTT decreased CD11a and CD49d expression on lymphocytes and eosinophils, and CD11a on neutrophils.
DTT increased CD11b expression across lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils.
DTT showed mild effects on cell activation, decreasing CD2 on lymphocytes and variably affecting EG2 on eosinophils, with no significant impact on HLA-DR.

Conclusions:

DTT significantly alters the expression of key antigens on lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils.
These findings underscore the need for further investigation into DTT's effects on induced sputum analysis.
Consideration of DTT's impact on cell surface marker analysis is essential for accurate interpretation of results.