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Eukaryotic transmembrane solute transport systems.

M H Saier1

  • 1Department of Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0116, USA. msaier@ucsd.edu

International Review of Cytology
|May 20, 1999
PubMed
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A new Transport Commission (TC) classification system for molecular transporters uses phylogenetic and functional data. This system categorizes transporters by transport mode, energy coupling, and substrate specificity, aiding in the classification of new transport proteins.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Transmembrane molecular transporters are crucial for cellular function.
  • Existing classification systems lack comprehensive integration of phylogenetic and functional data.
  • Understanding transporter families is key to deciphering cellular transport mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a comprehensive classification system for transmembrane molecular transporters.
  • To differentiate transporter categories based on transport mode, energy coupling, and substrate specificity.
  • To analyze eukaryotic-specific transporter families and their evolutionary origins.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the Transport Commission (TC) classification system.
  • Analysis of transporter families based on mode of transport, energy coupling, phylogenetic data, and substrate specificity.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of eukaryotic-specific transporter families and comparison with prokaryotic mechanisms.

    • Main Results:

    • The TC system classifies transporters into distinct categories: channels, primary carriers, secondary carriers, and group translocators.
    • Transport mode and energy coupling are largely conserved within families, while substrate specificity is more mutable.
    • Eukaryotic-specific transporter families lack prokaryotic ATP-independent primary active transport mechanisms, suggesting later evolutionary origins.

    Conclusions:

    • The TC system provides a robust framework for classifying molecular transporters using integrated data.
    • Eukaryotic transporter evolution appears to have occurred largely independently of extensive horizontal gene transfer from prokaryotes.
    • The classification facilitates the identification and study of novel transport proteins and their functions.