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Interpretation of phenotype in genetically engineered mice
1Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio, USA.
Laboratory Animal Science
|May 20, 1999
Summary
Genetic engineering in mice, including transgenic and knockout models, allows studying gene function in mammals. Research shows mammals have little gene redundancy and subtle knockout phenotypes can be revealed by studying mixed genetic backgrounds.
Area of Science:
- Mammalian genetics
- Molecular biology
- Developmental biology
Background:
- Genetic engineering in mice offers two main approaches: transgenic mice (exogenous gene addition) and knockout mice (targeted endogenous gene mutation).
- These models enable the study of gene function within a complex living mammalian system, considering cellular, tissue, and organ interactions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the literature on knockout mice, focusing on unexpected or absent phenotypes.
- To discuss the influence of genetic background on observed phenotypes and gene redundancy.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on knockout mouse models.
- Analysis of studies reporting phenotypes, lack of phenotypes, and genetic background effects.
Main Results:
- Mammals exhibit limited gene redundancy.
- Phenotypes in knockout mice often exist even when not immediately apparent.
- Mixed genetic backgrounds can reveal more phenotypes and aid in understanding underlying mechanisms.
Conclusions:
- Investigating knockout mouse phenotypes in mixed genetic backgrounds is crucial.
- This approach can uncover subtle phenotypes, elucidate molecular mechanisms, and identify modifier genes.
- Understanding gene function in mammals requires careful consideration of genetic context.