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Marathons in altitude.

G S Roi1, M Giacometti, S P von Duvillard

  • 1Marathon Sports Medical Center, Brescia, Italy.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|May 20, 1999
PubMed
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High altitude significantly reduces marathon running performance by lowering maximal aerobic power (VO2max). Elite runners maintain a higher percentage of VO2max at altitude, showing better performance compared to good runners.

Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Altitude Training

Background:

  • Altitude exposure significantly impacts physiological responses during endurance events.
  • Marathon running performance is sensitive to changes in oxygen availability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of high altitude (up to 5200 m) on marathon running performance.
  • To analyze the relationship between maximal aerobic power (VO2max) and performance at altitude.

Main Methods:

  • Marathon races were conducted at 4300 m and 5200 m.
  • Maximal aerobic power (VO2max) was indirectly measured using a 12-min running test.
  • Fractional utilization of VO2max was calculated based on established speed-VO2 relationships.

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Main Results:

  • VO2max decreased significantly with increasing altitude.
  • Marathon speed at altitude showed a linear relationship with sea-level speed, with a mean decrease of 35%.
  • Elite runners utilized a higher percentage of VO2max (63%) compared to good runners (52%) at 4300 m.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced VO2max is the primary factor affecting marathon performance at altitude.
  • Elite marathoners' superior performance is linked to their ability to maintain a higher percentage of VO2max.
  • Altitude-induced performance decrements are influenced by running economy and increased respiratory work.