Prostatic tumor relapse in patients with superficial bladder tumors: 15-year outcome

We assessed the outcome of patients with superficial bladder tumors with relapse in the prostate and defined prognostic variables of survival.

A cohort of 186 men with superficial bladder tumors was followed for 15 years. Tumor relapse in the prostate was classified as noninvasive (prostatic urethra and ducts) or invasive (stroma) with intraurethral or direct prostatic invasion. Bladder tumor stage at the time of prostatic relapse was defined as confined or not confined to the bladder. The end point of the study was disease specific survival. The effects of covariates on survival were estimated on multivariate analysis.

Of the 186 patients 72 (39%) had relapse in the prostate after a median followup of 28 months (range 3 to 216), including 45 (62%) with noninvasive prostatic tumor and 27 (38%) with stromal invasion. The survival rate was 82% in patients with prostatic urethra or duct involvement compared to 48% with stromal invasion. Intraurethral stromal invasion was associated with a 75% 15-year survival rate versus 9% for extravesical prostatic stromal invasion. Bladder tumor stage and prostatic stromal invasion were independent prognostic variables of survival.

The prostate is a frequent site of tumor relapse in patients with superficial bladder tumors followed for 15 years. Prostatic relapse may portend tumor invasion in the bladder and stromal invasion in the prostate, which significantly reduce survival.