A 25-year prospective study of visual acuity in the Japan Air Self Defense Force personnel

In the Japan Air Self Defense Force (JASDF), new vision standards for student pilots allow lower uncorrected monocular acuity (from 1.0 to 0.8). In flight environments, where the use of corrective lenses may present problems, the risk of decreasing visual acuity in pilots who should wear corrective lenses must be defined.

We conducted a 25-yr prospective study of visual acuity with regard to distance vision in 752 JASDF nonaviation personnel followed from ages 20 to 45. The test subjects were divided into four groups according to their right monocular visual acuity at entry: > or =1.0, between 0.9 and 0.7, between 0.6 and 0.2, and <0.2.

At entry, 94.1% of all subjects had visual acuity > or =0.7. The proportion of subjects who required corrective lenses for distance increased with age from 15.8% to 37.1%. After 25-yr, 30.2% of subjects with visual acuity > or =1.0 at entry and 62.7% of subjects with visual acuity between 0.9 and 0.7 at entry required corrective lenses.

Over 25 yr, the population with the best eyesight at age 20 had a lower increase in the need for corrective lenses than the population with visual acuity between 0.9 and 0.7 at age 20. These results suggest an increased risk of visual acuity loss in pilots over time as a result of the lower vision standards for student pilots in the JASDF.