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Related Experiment Videos

Viral hepatitis and pregnancy.

P P Michielsen1, P Van Damme

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen-Wilrijk.

Acta Gastro-Enterologica Belgica
|May 20, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Viral hepatitis in pregnancy poses risks, especially hepatitis E in the third trimester. Hepatitis B transmission is high from positive mothers, but prophylaxis significantly protects newborns.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Pregnancy outcomes are generally unaffected by hepatitis A, B, or C in Western populations.
  • Hepatitis E infection during the third trimester of pregnancy carries a high risk of fulminant hepatitis.
  • Mother-to-infant transmission varies significantly across different hepatitis viruses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the relationship between pregnancy and viral hepatitis.
  • To analyze mother-to-infant transmission risks for hepatitis A, B, C, and E.
  • To evaluate current prophylaxis strategies for preventing vertical hepatitis B transmission.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing data on viral hepatitis and pregnancy.
  • Analysis of mother-to-infant transmission rates based on maternal viral markers (HBsAg, HBeAg, HCV-RNA).
  • Examination of recommended prophylaxis protocols for newborns of hepatitis B-positive mothers.

Main Results:

  • Hepatitis E poses a significant risk of severe illness in late pregnancy.
  • Hepatitis B transmission is high (80-90%) from HBsAg/HBeAg positive mothers, leading to chronic infection in most infants; transmission is lower (2-15%) in HBsAg positive/HBeAg negative mothers.
  • Hepatitis C transmission is rare (approx. 11% with HCV-RNA positive), increased by high viral load or HIV co-infection; no preventative treatment exists, but infant testing is advised.

Conclusions:

  • Hepatitis E is a critical concern in third-trimester pregnancies.
  • Post-exposure prophylaxis, including hepatitis B immunoglobulin and vaccine, is highly effective (>90%) in preventing vertical hepatitis B transmission when administered promptly after birth.
  • While hepatitis C transmission is less common, infants born to HCV-RNA positive mothers require follow-up testing.

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