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Related Experiment Videos

Processes controlling aqueous concentrations for riverine spills.

D E Hibbs1, J S Gulliver

  • 1Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55414, USA.

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|May 25, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Numerical spill models predict chemical concentrations in rivers with uncertainty. Dissolution and saturation concentrations are key factors influencing these predictions, while volatilization has minimal impact.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Hydrology

Background:

  • Numerical spill models predict chemical concentrations in rivers but have inherent uncertainties.
  • These uncertainties stem from inaccuracies in user-supplied rate coefficients for processes like spreading, evaporation, dissolution, volatilization, and dispersion.
  • Estimating these coefficients and their associated uncertainties is crucial for accurate spill impact assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methods for estimating rate coefficients for riverine spills.
  • To quantify the uncertainties associated with these coefficients.
  • To compute the uncertainties in predicted aqueous concentrations using a riverine spill model.

Main Methods:

  • Reviewed methods for estimating spreading, evaporation, dissolution, volatilization, and longitudinal dispersion coefficients.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Estimated uncertainties for each coefficient in a small, sheltered river.
  • Utilized a riverine spill model to compute uncertainties in aqueous concentrations for a simulated jet fuel spill.

    • Main Results:

    • Aqueous concentrations were most sensitive to saturation concentrations and dissolution rates.
    • Evaporation rates and longitudinal dispersion coefficient moderately influenced predicted concentrations.
    • Volatilization coefficient showed nearly complete insensitivity to predicted aqueous concentrations.

    Conclusions:

    • Model predictions of aqueous concentrations from spills are highly sensitive to dissolution and saturation parameters.
    • Understanding coefficient uncertainties is vital for refining riverine spill models.
    • Focusing on accurate dissolution and saturation data can improve environmental risk assessments for fuel spills.