The overactive bladder: an overview for primary care health providers

The overactive bladder, with symptoms of frequency, urgency and urge incontinence, substantially affects the life styles of millions of people throughout the world. The symptoms are associated with significant social, psychological, occupational, domestic, physical, and sexual problems. Despite the considerable impact of the condition on quality of life, sufferers are often reluctant to discuss their problem with family members or health care professionals. This state of affairs is unfortunate, for much can be done to alleviate the symptoms of this distressing condition. It is therefore of utmost importance that medical education about symptoms of the overactive bladder and other related problems be improved, to help health care professionals identify and treat patients who will benefit from therapy. This article reviews current thinking regarding definition, epidemiology, quality of life effects, evaluation and management. Emphasis is placed on knowledge particularly useful in primary care, especially, noninvasive modalities of therapy.