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Urocortin expression in the human central nervous system.

K Iino1, H Sasano, Y Oki

  • 1Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.

Clinical Endocrinology
|May 26, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Urocortin, a neuropeptide, was not found in the human hypothalamus or pituitary. However, it was detected in the cerebellum and spinal cord, suggesting a neurotransmitter role in the central nervous system.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Urocortin is a neuropeptide from the corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) family.
  • Urocortin stimulates ACTH secretion from pituitary cells.
  • Urocortin expression in the human brain, particularly the hypothalamus, was previously unexamined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression and distribution of urocortin in the human brain, including the hypothalamus and pituitary.
  • To determine if urocortin plays a role in the human hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemistry and mRNA in situ hybridization were used to detect urocortin.
  • Human autopsy brain tissue samples from the hypothalamus, pituitary stalk, cerebellum, and spinal cord were analyzed.

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Main Results:

  • Urocortin immunoreactivity and mRNA were not detected in the human hypothalamus or pituitary stalk.
  • Corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) was detected in the hypothalamus and pituitary stalk.
  • Urocortin was found in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum and anterior horn cells of the spinal cord.
  • Urocortin expression was also observed in the superior olivary and Edinger-Westphal nuclei in some cases.

Conclusions:

  • Urocortin does not appear to act on the human hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in the same manner as CRF.
  • The distribution of urocortin in the human central nervous system suggests it may function as a neurotransmitter.