Late presentation of orofacial tumours

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Public Health

Background:

• Orofacial tumours present a significant health challenge, particularly in developing nations.
• Late diagnosis frequently complicates treatment outcomes and patient prognosis.
• Understanding socio-economic determinants is crucial for addressing healthcare disparities in cancer care.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the patterns and reasons for late presentation of orofacial tumours in Nigeria.
• To analyze the impact of socio-economic status on the timeliness of seeking treatment for oral and maxillofacial region tumours.
• To identify challenges in managing advanced-stage orofacial malignancies.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective review of 128 cases of oral, maxillofacial, and oropharyngeal tumours diagnosed between January 1993 and December 1997.
• Categorization of tumour types including squamous cell carcinoma, ameloblastoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, fibrous dysplasia, and pleomorphic adenoma.
• Assessment of patient socio-economic class and correlation with reasons for delayed presentation.

Main Results:

• A majority of patients (120) belonged to the lower socio-economic class, citing ignorance and poverty as primary reasons for late presentation.
• Four middle-class and four upper-class patients delayed treatment due to personal issues like marital problems and despair.
• Tumour management was difficult due to advanced stages at presentation and high patient default rates.

Conclusions:

• Socio-economic factors, particularly poverty and lack of awareness, are significant contributors to the late diagnosis of orofacial tumours in Nigeria.
• Effective management requires not only early detection but also the establishment of adequate healthcare facilities for timely and comprehensive treatment.
• Addressing these challenges is vital for improving outcomes in Nigeria and other developing countries facing similar public health issues.