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Corneal nerve access in monkeys.

C H Lim, G L Ruskell

    Albrecht Von Graefes Archiv Fur Klinische Und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie. Albrecht Von Graefe'S Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology
    |November 8, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Corneal nerves in monkeys directly access the epithelium, with axons confined to the basal layer. Stromal nerves terminate within their layer, challenging the barrier role of Bowman’s layer for primate corneal innervation.

    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Neuroscience
    • Primate Anatomy

    Background:

    • Corneal innervation is crucial for sensation and protection.
    • Previous studies suggested Bowman's layer as a significant barrier to epithelial nerve penetration in primates.
    • Understanding corneal nerve pathways is vital for diagnosing and treating ocular surface diseases.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the detailed anatomical pathway of corneal nerves into the epithelium in rhesus and cynomolgous monkeys using electron microscopy.
    • To determine if limbal nerves penetrate Bowman's layer and reach the corneal epithelium.
    • To analyze the termination points of stromal nerves and compare findings across primate species.

    Main Methods:

    • High-resolution electron microscopy was employed to examine corneal tissue from rhesus and cynomolgous monkeys.

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  • Detailed ultrastructural analysis focused on the limbus, stroma, Bowman's layer, and epithelium.
  • Nerve fiber pathways and terminal structures were meticulously documented.

    • Main Results:

    • Limbal and subepithelial nerves were observed to directly access the corneal epithelium.
    • Epithelial axons were infrequent, isolated, and exclusively located in the basal cell layer.
    • All stromal nerves terminated within the stroma; no rami perforantes were identified.
    • Bowman's layer did not present an absolute barrier to epithelial nerve entry in these monkey models.

    Conclusions:

    • Corneal nerves in these primate models demonstrate direct epithelial innervation, contrary to a strict barrier model for Bowman's layer.
    • The findings suggest a more complex and potentially variable pattern of corneal innervation across primates.
    • The presence of distinct stromal and epithelial nerve terminals highlights their independent roles in corneal sensory function.