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Female genital mutilation: the penultimate gender abuse
1Department of Nursing, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, USA.
Child Abuse & Neglect
|May 29, 1999
Summary
Female genital mutilation (FGM) involves various forms of surgical removal of female genitalia, often performed by untrained individuals without anesthesia, leading to severe health consequences. FGM is a human rights violation requiring global attention and legislative action.
Area of Science:
- Medical Ethics
- Public Health
- Human Rights Law
Background:
- Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a practice with historical roots, often justified by cultural traditions.
- This review examines the procedure, its sequelae, and the ethical considerations surrounding FGM.
Observation:
- Four primary forms of FGM are identified, ranging from clitoral prepuce removal to complete external genitalia removal.
- The procedure is frequently performed by untrained individuals using unsterile instruments, lacking anesthesia or antibiotics.
Findings:
- FGM results in significant short-term and long-term physical, emotional, sexual, and obstetrical complications for victims.
- Cultural justifications for FGM are ethically and legally indefensible.
Implications:
- FGM constitutes a violation of human rights and a gender-specific child atrocity.
- Global education and legislative interventions are crucial to protect individuals from FGM and ensure their human rights.