Takayasu's arteritis accompanied with massive pericardial effusion--a case report

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Rheumatology
• Internal Medicine

Background:

• Takayasu's arteritis is a rare, chronic inflammatory disease affecting large arteries.
• Recurrence of systemic inflammation can manifest with diverse clinical presentations.

Observation:

• A 40-year-old woman with a history of Takayasu's arteritis presented with fever, fatigue, malaise, and chest pain.
• Imaging revealed massive pericardial and bilateral pleural effusions.
• Elevated inflammatory markers (CRP, ESR) indicated active systemic inflammation.

Findings:

• The patient was diagnosed with pericarditis secondary to a Takayasu's arteritis flare.
• High-dose corticosteroid therapy (methylprednisolone pulse) was initiated.
• Significant resolution of pericardial effusion occurred without the need for pericardiocentesis.

Implications:

• This case highlights the importance of considering recurrent vasculitis in patients with unexplained effusions.
• Aggressive anti-inflammatory treatment can effectively manage severe pericardial effusion in Takayasu's arteritis flares.
• Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial for favorable outcomes in recurrent Takayasu's arteritis.