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Embryo Microinjection Techniques for Efficient Site-Specific Mutagenesis in Culex quinquefasciatus
Published on: May 24, 2020
[Culicidae mosquitoes as emerging vectors of diseases]
1Departamento de Epidemiologia da Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil. opforati@usp.br
Abstract:
A review is presented of the relationships between the so-called emerging infectious diseases and what may be defined as emerging vectors. These include not only those that have recently appeared but also those that present remarkable behavioral changes. Specific factors leading to that emergence can be associated with the powerful human influence on the environment. So the man-made, i.e. anthropic environment, exercises a selective pressure inducing vector populations to adapt to new circumstances. These may arise from ecological, environmental, or demographic factors that increase contact with the new vector. With this in mind, data on anomalous Culicidae breeding places in the Americas are reported. An interpretation of these findings is offered in the light of epidemiological surveillance. The question is whether vector emergence or re-emergence may constitute an epidemiological problem. Thus it is suggested that plane for all inclusive surveillance be prepared.
Insights
Emerging infectious diseases are linked to changing vectors, often driven by human environmental impact. Preparedness for vector emergence is crucial for epidemiological surveillance.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Epidemiology
- Vector Biology
Context:
- Human activities significantly influence the environment, creating selective pressures on vector populations.
- Emerging vectors exhibit novel behaviors or recent appearances, often adapting to anthropogenic changes.
- Ecological, environmental, and demographic shifts can increase human-vector contact.
Purpose:
- To review the relationship between emerging infectious diseases and emerging vectors.
- To explore the role of human environmental influence in vector adaptation and emergence.
- To interpret data on anomalous mosquito breeding sites in the Americas within an epidemiological surveillance framework.
Summary:
- This review examines the connection between emerging infectious diseases and vectors, highlighting human impact on vector evolution.
- Anomalous breeding sites of Culicidae (mosquitoes) in the Americas are analyzed, considering their adaptation to new environmental conditions.
- The study discusses whether vector emergence poses a significant epidemiological threat, advocating for comprehensive surveillance strategies.
Impact:
- Highlights the critical need for integrated epidemiological surveillance to manage risks associated with emerging vectors.
- Provides insights into how environmental changes drive vector adaptation and potential disease transmission.
- Emphasizes proactive planning for vector-borne disease prevention in response to environmental shifts.
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