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Related Experiment Videos

The surface form x problem size interaction in cognitive arithmetic: evidence against an encoding locus.

J I Campbell1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. jamie.campbell@usask.ca

Cognition
|June 1, 1999
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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This study found that the slower processing of number words versus digits in addition problems, especially with larger numbers, occurs during calculation or response production, not during initial information encoding.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Experimental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Numerical cognition research has explored how the format of number presentation (digits vs. words) affects cognitive processes.
  • Previous studies indicate a 'format cost' where number words lead to slower processing compared to Arabic digits.
  • A 'format by size' interaction has been observed, with this cost being more pronounced for larger numbers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether the observed format by size interaction in numerical processing occurs during the encoding of operands or during subsequent calculation and production stages.
  • To differentiate the locus of the format by size interaction by comparing simultaneous and sequential operand presentation.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty-four university students solved simple addition problems.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Operands were presented either as Arabic digits (e.g., 2 + 3) or English number words (e.g., two + three).
  • Operand presentation was varied between simultaneous and sequential (left operand 800 ms before right).

    • Main Results:

    • A significant 'format cost' was confirmed, with number word problems being processed more slowly than digit problems.
    • The 'format by size' interaction was replicated, showing a larger cost for large numbers compared to small numbers.
    • Crucially, this format by size interaction did not significantly differ between the simultaneous and sequential presentation conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings suggest that the format by size interaction in numerical processing does not originate during the initial encoding of numerical information.
    • The results strongly indicate that the interaction arises in later cognitive stages, specifically during the calculation or response production phases of problem-solving.