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Contact reactions to fragrances.

A Katsarou1, M Armenaka, D Kalogeromitros

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of Athens, A. Sygros Hospital, Greece.

Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology
|June 3, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Fragrances frequently trigger both immediate and delayed allergic skin reactions. Patients experiencing immediate reactions often develop delayed reactions to the same fragrance compounds, highlighting a significant link.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Allergology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Contact dermatitis is a common allergic skin reaction to fragrances, often presenting as delayed hypersensitivity.
  • Immediate reactions like contact urticaria and photo-allergic reactions can also occur.
  • Fragrance Mix (FM) and Balsam of Peru (BP) are standard allergens used for screening fragrance allergies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the diverse types of allergic skin responses elicited by fragrance compounds.
  • To analyze the prevalence and patterns of immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions to fragrances.

Main Methods:

  • Routine patch testing with FM and BP was conducted on 4,975 patients with suspected contact dermatitis.
  • Immediate reactions were assessed at 30 minutes, with delayed reactions evaluated at 48 and 96 hours in 664 patients.

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  • Photopatch testing was performed on 111 patients to identify photo-allergic reactions to FM.

    • Main Results:

    • Delayed reactions to FM and BP were observed, with higher prevalence in females.
    • An increasing trend in fragrance reactions, particularly among males, was noted over 12 years.
    • Immediate reactions to FM and BP were common, and in a significant percentage of cases, these were followed by delayed reactions to the same allergens.

    Conclusions:

    • Fragrances are significant triggers for both immediate and delayed allergic skin reactions.
    • The study demonstrates a notable increase in delayed reactions following immediate contact reactions to the same fragrance allergens.
    • This highlights the complex immunologic response to fragrance compounds and the importance of comprehensive allergy testing.