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Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac protoxin is a potent systemic and mucosal adjuvant
R I Vázquez1, L Moreno-Fierros, L Neri-Bazán
1Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba.
Scandinavian Journal of Immunology
|June 3, 1999
Summary
Cry1Ac, a Bacillus thuringiensis protoxin, acts as a potent mucosal and systemic adjuvant, similar to cholera toxin (CT). It enhances antibody responses, particularly IgG, making it a promising candidate for vaccine development.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
- Microbiology
Background:
- Recombinant Cry1Ac protoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis is a known immunogen.
- Cholera toxin (CT) is a well-established adjuvant used in vaccine formulations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the adjuvant effects of Cry1Ac and CT.
- To evaluate their efficacy with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and bovine serum albumin (BSA).
Main Methods:
- Antibody responses in serum and intestinal secretions were measured using ELISA in Balb/c mice.
- Immunization was performed via intragastric (IG) and intraperitoneal (IP) routes.
Main Results:
- Cry1Ac enhanced intestinal IgG anti-HBsAg responses after IP immunization, while CT boosted IgA and IgM.
- Both Cry1Ac and CT increased serum anti-BSA antibodies via both routes.
- Cry1Ac and CT enhanced IgG anti-BSA responses in the large intestine, with CT also showing slight IgA and IgM increases.
Conclusions:
- Cry1Ac functions as a potent mucosal and systemic adjuvant, comparable to CT.
- Cry1Ac primarily enhances serum and intestinal IgG responses, with effects varying by administration route and antigen.
- Cry1Ac holds potential as a carrier and/or adjuvant for mucosal and parenteral vaccines.