External and internal macromorphology in 3D-reconstructed maxillary molars using computerized X-ray microtomography

Area of Science:

• Dental Anatomy
• Biomedical Imaging
• Quantitative Morphology

Background:

• Understanding the relationship between external root morphology and internal root canal anatomy is crucial for endodontic procedures.
• Previous studies have explored root canal morphology, but detailed analysis correlating external and internal features using advanced imaging is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

• To qualitatively analyze the relationship between the external and internal macromorphology of the root complex in maxillary molars.
• To quantitatively assess the correlation between the outer root surface shape and the root canal shape using fractal dimension analysis.

Main Methods:

• X-ray computed transaxial microtomography was used to analyze five permanent maxillary molars.
• 3D volume reconstruction, segmentation, and surface rendering were performed to visualize enamel, dentine, and pulp spaces.
• Fractal dimension analysis was applied to quantify the correlation between external and internal root morphology.

Main Results:

• A strong agreement was observed between the number, position, and cross-section of root canals and the macrostructures of the root complex.
• Fractal dimension analysis revealed a high correlation between the shape of the root canals and the overall shape of the roots.

Conclusions:

• The study demonstrates a significant relationship between external root morphology and internal root canal anatomy.
• The generated 3D volumetric data can serve as a valuable platform for preclinical training in fundamental endodontic procedures.