Contact area of the trapeziometacarpal joint

Eighteen cadaver hands were studied to determine the contact area of the trapeziometacarpal joint by using silicone rubber casts. Casting material was introduced into the trapeziometacarpal joint during several motions of the thumb and the contact location was observed. The ratios of the contact area to the total joint area were calculated. The contact locations in opposition were the radial, volar, and ulnar segments of the trapezium and the dorsal, radial, and volar segments of the metacarpal. On average, 53% of the trapezium was in contact with 53% of the metacarpal in opposition, while 28% of the trapezium was in contact with 28% of the metacarpal in palmar abduction and 25% of the trapezium was in contact with 25% of the metacarpal in radial abduction. The contact area was the largest in opposition. The trapeziometacarpal joint is stable in opposition and facilitates a strong pinch.