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Related Experiment Videos

Evolution of antigen binding receptors.

G W Litman1, M K Anderson, J P Rast

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida College of Medicine, All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg 33701, USA. litmang@allkids.org

Annual Review of Immunology
|June 8, 1999
PubMed
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The evolution of adaptive immunity involves complex antigen binding receptor gene families. Studying these genes in diverse vertebrates reveals insights into immune system origins and function.

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary immunology
  • Molecular genetics
  • Comparative genomics

Background:

  • Adaptive immunity relies on antigen binding receptors like immunoglobulins (Ig) and T cell receptors (TCR).
  • Understanding the evolution of these complex multigene families provides insight into vertebrate phylogeny and immune system development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of Ig and TCR gene families across vertebrate species.
  • To explore the structural and functional diversity of antigen binding receptors in jawed vertebrates.
  • To investigate the origins of rearranging gene systems in adaptive and innate immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of Ig and TCR gene organization and sequences in various vertebrate species.
  • Utilizing advances in molecular genetic technology to study genes in non-model organisms.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Reviewing existing structural data for antigen binding receptors.

    • Main Results:

    • Ig and TCR genes are present in most jawed vertebrates, including cartilaginous fishes, offering insights into early vertebrate immunity.
    • Significant differences in Ig gene organization and diversification mechanisms exist across vertebrate evolution.
    • TCR genes show high sequence diversity but less organizational change compared to Ig genes.
    • Homologous receptors are not yet identified in jawless vertebrates, but shared characteristics in jawed vertebrates are defined.

    Conclusions:

    • The evolution of antigen binding receptors showcases significant diversity in gene organization and diversification mechanisms across vertebrates.
    • Studying these receptors in diverse species, especially cartilaginous fishes, is crucial for understanding the deep evolutionary history of the adaptive immune system.
    • Shared characteristics of these receptors provide insights into the origins of gene rearrangement systems and their link to innate recognition processes.