[The role of cell adhesion molecules in certain neurological diseases]

Current data on the role of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) in the pathophysiology of laboratory animal and human neurological diseases are presented. Classification of CAMs is given in short-Immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, selectins and integrins. Ig superfamily includes among others ICAM-1, 2, 3; VCAM-1; PECAM-1. They are glycoproteins located in cellular membrane of different cell types, e.g.: endotheliocytes, leucocytes. They facilitate leucocyte passage across the blood barrier into inflammatory tissues. We distinguish native forms of CAMs (linked with mother cell membrane) and soluble forms found in different body fluids. Expression of CAMs is increased in many neurological diseases as well as the elevation in the concentration of their soluble forms in blood or cerebrospinal fluid. Selections also play a role in creating interactions leucocyte-endothelium while integrins serve as a receptor for Ig superfamily molecules. In this article we present current views on the role of native forms of CAMs as a necessary factor for leucocyte extravasation and the role of soluble forms as an agent in negative feedback for leucocyte passage through the blood-brain barrier to inflammatory brain or peripheral nerves. We consider its significance for future treatment of neurological diseases as well.