Electromagnetic field pattern in the environment of GSM base stations

Three mobile phone systems are used in Poland: analog, operated at the 450 MHz frequency range, and two digital systems operated at 900 MHz and 1800 MHz. The GSM--Global System for Mobile Communication meets all relevant requirements, and it is most widely used throughout the world. According to the mobile phone concept, the whole communication area is divided into sub-areas (cells) where base stations are located. The base stations are provided with the transmitter units mounted on free-standing masts, high chimneys and building roofs, including those of the residential buildings. The transmitter antennas of the base stations constitute a source of 935-960 EMF radiation. This work analyses the essential characteristics of the base station antennas from the point of view of radiation intensity. The analysis is based on the results of EMF measurements performed by experts of two relevant research institutes. For inaccessible antennas, the measurements were performed at the accredited laboratory.