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Antimicrobial substances and effects on sessile bacteria
J M Schierholz1, J Beuth, D König
1Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Germany.
Zentralblatt Fur Bakteriologie : International Journal of Medical Microbiology
|June 9, 1999
Summary
Biofilms, microbial communities encased in exopolymer, enhance resistance to antibiotics and antiseptics. This review explores biofilm resistance mechanisms and prevention strategies, suggesting antibiotic combinations for biomaterial infections.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Biomaterials Science
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Biofilms form in aquatic environments and on biomaterials, often causing clinical infections.
- Microorganisms within biofilms are protected by exopolymer matrices, leading to increased resistance.
- Physico-chemical gradients within biofilms alter microbial metabolism and cell-wall properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate mechanisms of microbial resistance in biofilms.
- To present strategies for preventing biofilm development.
- To discuss pharmacokinetical and pharmacodynamical aspects of screening biofilm-active drugs.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance.
- Analysis of studies investigating the efficacy of various antimicrobial agents against biofilms.
- Examination of pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic principles for drug development.
Main Results:
- Biofilm growth significantly enhances microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents and antibiotics.
- Conflicting results exist regarding the efficacy of antibiotics, antiseptics, and heavy ions against biofilms.
- No single antimicrobial substance effectively eradicates adherent bacteria in biofilms.
Conclusions:
- Understanding biofilm resistance mechanisms is crucial for developing effective treatments.
- Strategies for preventing biofilm development are essential for managing biomaterial-associated infections.
- Combinations of antibiotics, such as antistaphylococcal antibiotics with rifampin, show promise for preventing and treating biofilm infections.