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A molecular study of euglenoid phylogeny using small subunit rDNA.

E W Linton1, D Hittner, C Lewandowski

  • 1Rutgers University, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Nelson Biological Laboratories, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8082, USA. elinton@rci.rutgers.edu

The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
|June 11, 1999
PubMed
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This study revises euglenoid taxonomy using molecular data, revealing their evolutionary history. Euglenoids form a distinct group, with phagotrophic species emerging before phototrophic ones, and the genus Euglena is shown to be paraphyletic.

Area of Science:

  • Eukaryotic Microbiology
  • Molecular Evolution
  • Phylogenetics

Background:

  • Euglenoids are ancient, diverse flagellates with complex evolutionary relationships.
  • Current euglenoid taxonomy is inconsistent with available data and requires revision.
  • Previous phylogenetic reconstructions relied heavily on limited morphological characters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a robust phylogenetic framework for euglenoids.
  • To resolve unclear taxonomic relationships within the euglenoid lineage.
  • To investigate the evolutionary divergence of different feeding strategies and forms.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of molecular data from Small Subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences.
  • Alignment of SSU rDNA sequences based on secondary structure.

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  • Phylogenetic analyses using parsimony, maximum likelihood, and distance methods on conserved sequence regions.

    • Main Results:

    • Euglenoids form a distinct monophyletic clade.
    • Phagotrophic euglenoids diverged before phototrophic and osmotrophic members.
    • Within photosynthetic euglenoids, biflagellate forms preceded uniflagellate forms.
    • The genus Euglena was found to be paraphyletic, with osmotrophic taxa nested within it.

    Conclusions:

    • Molecular data provide a reliable framework for euglenoid phylogeny.
    • The evolutionary history supports a stepwise divergence from phagotrophy to other modes.
    • Revision of euglenoid taxonomy is necessary, particularly concerning the genus Euglena.