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Related Experiment Videos

Perceived discomfort in running: scale development and theoretical considerations.

G Tenenbaum1, G Fogarty, E Stewart

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia.

Journal of Sports Sciences
|June 11, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a running discomfort questionnaire to capture athletes

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Discomfort is a common experience during endurance running.
  • Understanding the multifaceted nature of running discomfort is crucial for performance and well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a questionnaire to measure discomfort in runners.
  • To identify the key dimensions of discomfort experienced during running.

Main Methods:

  • Exploratory factor analysis and Rasch probabilistic analysis were employed.
  • Traditional reliability and validity procedures were utilized.
  • Data collected from 171 runners across various race distances.

Main Results:

  • A 32-item questionnaire with eight subscales was developed.

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  • Subscales include proprioceptive symptoms, leg symptoms, respiratory difficulties, disorientation, dryness/heat, task completion thoughts, mental toughness, and head/stomach symptoms.
  • Psychological dimensions (motivational-affective, cognitive-evaluative) were rated highest.

    • Conclusions:

    • The developed questionnaire offers a valid measure of running-related discomfort.
    • The eight subscales demonstrate ecological validity and adapt to different running distances.
    • Psychological factors play a significant role in the experienced discomfort during running.