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Related Concept Videos

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
Anastomoses01:19

Anastomoses

In human anatomy, anastomosis refers to a connection or opening between two things, particularly between blood vessels or other tubular structures. The term is derived from the Greek term 'anastomosis,' which means 'outlet' or 'opening.' This natural network of connections plays a critical role in the survival and functionality of the human body.
Anastomoses can be formed at arterial, venous, and lymphatic vessels.
Arterial Anastomosis: These occur between arteries. They are most common in...
Abdominal Aorta01:25

Abdominal Aorta

Once the aorta traverses the diaphragmatic plane at the aortic hiatus, it is known as the abdominal aorta. This anatomical structure is positioned leftward of the spinal column, encased within a cocoon of adipose tissue behind the peritoneal cavity. It terminates at the L4 vertebra, where it splits into the common iliac arteries. Prior to this bifurcation, the abdominal aorta gives rise to several vital branches.
The celiac trunk, a singular artery, divides into the left gastric artery, which...
Arteries of Lower Limbs01:20

Arteries of Lower Limbs

The external iliac artery transitions out of the body cavity, entering the femoral region of the lower leg, and is renamed the femoral artery at the point where it traverses the body wall. This artery is responsible for the distribution of blood to the thigh's deep muscles and the skin's ventral and lateral regions, achieved through several minor branches and the lateral deep femoral artery, which also spawns a lateral circumflex artery. The knee area receives blood from the genicular artery,...
Veins of Lower Limbs01:15

Veins of Lower Limbs

The human body consists of an intricate network of veins responsible for the crucial task of blood drainage from the lower limbs. These veins can be categorized into two main types: deep veins and superficial veins.
Formed by the union of the medial and lateral plantar veins, the posterior tibial vein, rising through the calf muscle, assimilates the fibular vein. The anterior tibial vein, a superior extension of the foot's dorsalis pedis vein, merges with the posterior tibial vein at the knee,...
Development of Blood Vessels01:07

Development of Blood Vessels

The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
The initial formation of this system is facilitated by the small amount of yolk present in the ovum and yolk sac. Blood vessels originate from...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Use of Human Perivascular Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration
07:05

Use of Human Perivascular Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration

Published on: May 25, 2012

Human umbilical cord. A new source for vascular prosthesis.

H Dardik, I M Ibrahim, R Baier

    JAMA
    |December 20, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary

    A novel umbilical cord vein prosthesis demonstrates comparable early patency and limb salvage rates to traditional grafts. This vascular graft offers reduced operative time and morbidity, with potential for improved long-term durability.

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    Area of Science:

    • Vascular Surgery
    • Biomaterials Science
    • Regenerative Medicine

    Background:

    • Autogenous saphenous veins are the current standard for arterial reconstruction.
    • Challenges with autografts include limited availability and donor site morbidity.
    • Alternative synthetic or biologic grafts often face issues with patency and degradation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the efficacy of a modified human umbilical cord vein prosthesis for arterial reconstruction.
    • To compare the early outcomes of this novel graft with established methods.
    • To assess the potential benefits regarding operative time, morbidity, and long-term graft survival.

    Main Methods:

    • Umbilical cord veins were sourced from human cords and processed using glutaraldehyde tanning.
    • The modified prosthesis was utilized for reconstructions of the popliteal, tibial, and peroneal arteries.
    • Early patency and limb salvage rates were recorded and compared to historical data.

    Main Results:

    • The umbilical cord vein prosthesis achieved early patency and limb salvage rates equivalent to autogenous saphenous veins.
    • Significant reductions in operative time and patient morbidity were observed.
    • The graft shows promise for resistance to biodegradation, potentially mitigating late failure causes.

    Conclusions:

    • The modified umbilical cord vein prosthesis is a viable alternative for arterial reconstruction.
    • This graft offers advantages in terms of surgical efficiency and patient recovery.
    • Further long-term studies are necessary to fully establish its durability and clinical utility.