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Tetanus toxoid and congenital abnormalities.

A E Czeizel1, M Rockenbauer

  • 1Department of Human Genetics and Teratology, National Institute of Public Health-WHO Collaborating Centre for the Community Control of Hereditary Diseases, Budapest, Hungary. czeizel@oki.jaboki.hu

International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics
|June 12, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Tetanus vaccination during pregnancy does not pose a teratogenic risk to the fetus. This study found no significant difference in congenital abnormalities between vaccinated and unvaccinated pregnant women, confirming vaccine safety.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Toxicology
  • Vaccinology
  • Perinatal Medicine

Background:

  • Assessing the safety of maternal vaccinations is crucial for public health.
  • Concerns about potential teratogenic effects of vaccines during pregnancy necessitate rigorous scientific evaluation.
  • Tetanus toxoid vaccination is often recommended during pregnancy to protect both mother and infant.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential teratogenic effects of tetanus vaccination administered during pregnancy.
  • To evaluate the safety profile of tetanus toxoid in pregnant women and its association with congenital abnormalities.

Main Methods:

  • A large population-based dataset from the Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities (1980-1994) was utilized.
  • Pair analysis was conducted comparing cases with congenital abnormalities to matched healthy controls.

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  • Data included 35,727 control pregnancies and 21,563 pregnancies with offspring abnormalities.

    • Main Results:

    • The prevalence of tetanus vaccination was 0.09% in the control group and 0.12% in the group with congenital abnormalities.
    • This difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.39), indicating no increased risk.
    • Case-control analysis confirmed the safety of tetanus vaccination, especially during the critical second and third months of gestation.

    Conclusions:

    • Tetanus vaccination during pregnancy does not appear to be teratogenic.
    • There is no contraindication for using tetanus toxoid when necessary during pregnancy.
    • The findings support the continued recommendation of tetanus vaccination for pregnant individuals.