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Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC).

M Dho-Moulin1, J M Fairbrother

  • 1Pathologie aviaire et parasitologie, Inra, centre de Tours, Nouzilly, France. dhomouli@tours.inra.fr

Veterinary Research
|June 15, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes significant diseases in poultry. Understanding APEC virulence factors and developing effective control strategies are crucial for avian health.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Microbiology
  • Avian Pathology
  • Bacterial Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a primary cause of severe diseases in poultry, including septicemia and respiratory infections.
  • APEC infections are often secondary to environmental and host-related predisposing factors, with common serogroups including O1, O2, and O78.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the known virulence factors of APEC and their roles in disease development.
  • To discuss current diagnostic methods and explore novel genetic approaches for identifying new virulence factors.
  • To outline existing and potential strategies for the prevention and control of APEC infections in avian species.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental models for evaluating E. coli pathogenicity in poultry.
  • Identification and characterization of APEC virulence factors, including adhesins (F1, P fimbriae, curli), iron sequestration systems (aerobactin), K1 capsule, and Tsh.
  • Application of molecular methods like DNA probes and PCR for diagnosis and virulence factor identification.

Main Results:

  • Key sites of APEC entry include the respiratory tract, with F1 fimbriae expressed in the respiratory tract and P fimbriae in internal organs.
  • Resistance to phagocytosis is a significant factor in disease development.
  • Genetic approaches are vital for uncovering new APEC pathogenic mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Effective diagnosis relies on clinical signs, lesions, isolation, serotyping, and virulence factor identification.
  • Control strategies involve environmental management and judicious antibiotic use, though APEC resistance is common.
  • Current vaccines offer limited protection due to the diversity of APEC strains, necessitating further research into broader-spectrum control measures.

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