Laser shaping of corneal transplants in vitro: area ablation with small overlapping laser spots produced by a pulsed...

Area laser lathing and trephination of donor corneas is used to produce different types of grafts for human transplantation. 193 nm (ArF excimer) laser radiation is used, since this is known to give a non-thermal laser-tissue interaction with a minimal zone of tissue damage. To guarantee the highest degree of flexibility concerning the overall shape of the grafts as well as their thickness profiles, we use a small (compared with the area to be ablated) scanning laser spot. For area lathing of the tissue we have developed a new ablation algorithm (optimized scanning laser ablation, OSLA) that can be applied to lathe and perforate any tissue--with concave (as in this application), convex or plane surface geometry--where surface precision and smoothness are key issues. Using OSLA with the Excimer Laser Corneal Shaping System (a tool for in vitro fabrication of all kinds of corneal transplants like donor buttons for keratoplasty, lamellar grafts for epikeratoplasty and refractive lenticules) enabled us to produce all types of corneal grafts with very high precision. This is considered to be a major improvement towards the production of refractive lenticules.