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Related Experiment Videos

Left renal vein variations.

K S Satyapal1, J M Kalideen, A A Haffejee

  • 1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Durban-Westville, South Africa.

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA
|June 17, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Left renal vein variations are common and clinically significant, often unnoticed until surgery or autopsy. Understanding these anatomical differences is crucial for transplant surgeons and during aortic aneurysm repair.

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomical variations of the left renal vein
  • Embryological development and clinical significance

Background:

  • The left renal vein exhibits greater embryological complexity than the right.
  • These developmental differences lead to clinically significant anatomical variations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and document the incidence of left renal vein variations.
  • To highlight the clinical implications of these variations in surgical and radiological contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Combined cadaveric dissection (153 pairs), resin casting (100), plastination (53), and venography (58 adults, 20 fetuses).
  • Retrospective clinical analysis including radiological venograms (104), live related renal transplantations (148 donor left kidneys), and abdominal aortic aneurysm surgeries (525 patients).
  • Total sample size of 1008 individuals.

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Main Results:

  • Incidence of variations: renal collars (0.3%), retro-aortic vein (0.5%), additional veins (0.4%), posterior primary tributary (23.2%).
  • Specific posterior primary tributary types observed: 16.7% Type IB and 6.5% Type IIB in cadaveric series.
  • Observed incidences differ significantly from literature values for renal collars, retro-aortic veins, and additional renal veins.

Conclusions:

  • Left renal vein variations are frequent and often asymptomatic, discovered incidentally.
  • Knowledge of these variations is critical for transplant surgery, impacting technical feasibility and outcomes.
  • Awareness of circum-aortic veins and retro-aortic components is vital for suprarenal blood sampling, renal transplantation, aortic aneurysm repair, and retroperitoneal surgeries to prevent iatrogenic injury.