Role of transcriptional factors in stellate cell activation

Fibrogenic stimuli induce a complex activation process in the hepatic stellate cell (HSC) resulting in numerous changes in gene expression. These changes include increases in the synthesis and deposition of several extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, most notably type I collagen. The synthesis of type I collagen following HSC activation is controlled, in part, at the transcriptional level. Dramatic changes occur in transcription factor binding to ECM genes following HSC activation. Similarities between type I collagen and biglycan gene expression suggest that common transcriptional mechanisms may regulate ECM expression following HSC activation. Several transcription factors display increased activity with HSC activation. The identification of new potential therapeutic targets may become evident providing novel therapeutic avenues aimed at either blocking or slowing the fibrogenic or inflammatory process in which the activated HSC participates.