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Language-specific knowledge and short-term memory in bilingual and non-bilingual children.

A S Thorn1, S E Gathercole

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Bristol. annabel.thorn@bristol.ac.uk

The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. A, Human Experimental Psychology
|June 18, 1999
PubMed
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Children's phonological short-term memory (PSTM) performance is influenced by language knowledge. Greater vocabulary in a language correlates with better recall of words and nonwords in that specific language, showing PSTM is language-specific.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Phonological short-term memory (PSTM) is crucial for language acquisition.
  • Previous research has explored the relationship between PSTM and linguistic knowledge.
  • The language-specific nature of PSTM in children remains an area of active investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the sensitivity of children's PSTM performance to language-specific knowledge.
  • To determine if PSTM operates independently of language or is influenced by linguistic familiarity.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Compared monolingual English, English-French bilingual, and English learners of French on PSTM and vocabulary.
  • Experiment 2: Examined native bilinguals and non-native bilinguals with varying language proficiency.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Utilized recall tasks for words and nonwords in both English and French.

    • Main Results:

    • Children's PSTM performance in a given language mirrored their vocabulary knowledge in that language.
    • Higher vocabulary knowledge was associated with superior recall of words and nonwords.
    • Findings were consistent across different bilingual and monolingual groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Phonological short-term memory is not a language-independent cognitive system.
    • PSTM functions in a highly language-specific manner, influenced by acquired linguistic knowledge.
    • This highlights the interconnectedness of memory systems and language development.