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Perinatal and neonatal determinants of childhood type 1 diabetes. A case-control study in Yorkshire, U.K

P A McKinney1, R Parslow, K A Gurney

  • 1Paediatric Epidemiology Group, University of Leeds, U.K.

Diabetes Care
|June 18, 1999
PubMed

Insights

Neonatal illnesses and maternal type 1 diabetes increase childhood type 1 diabetes risk, while initial breastfeeding offers protection. These findings aid in understanding environmental influences on diabetes development.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Childhood type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a growing concern with complex etiology.
  • Identifying environmental triggers in early life is crucial for prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate perinatal and neonatal environmental factors associated with childhood type 1 diabetes onset.
  • To determine risk and protective factors during the critical early developmental stages.

Main Methods:

  • Population-based case-control study utilizing hospital obstetric and neonatal records.
  • Matched analysis of 196 children with T1D and 325 controls using conditional logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • Neonatal illnesses, particularly infections and respiratory issues, significantly increased T1D risk (OR 1.61).
  • Exclusive initial breastfeeding demonstrated a protective effect (OR 0.65).
  • Maternal T1D, preeclampsia, and older maternal age were also significant risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • Neonatal health and feeding practices are critical environmental determinants of childhood T1D.
  • Maternal factors like preeclampsia and pre-existing T1D, alongside older maternal age, contribute to risk.
  • Reliable medical record data minimizes recall bias, strengthening these findings.
Abstract

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