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Aged garlic extract attenuates intracellular oxidative stress
1Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, CA, USA.
Summary
Aged garlic extract (AGE) protects against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL)-induced cell damage by preserving glutathione and reducing peroxides. AGE also inhibits nitric oxide production, suggesting its potential in preventing atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Science
- Oxidative Stress Research
- Nutraceutical Science
Background:
- Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) is a key factor in atherosclerosis development.
- Aged garlic extract (AGE) has demonstrated potential in mitigating Ox-LDL-induced cellular damage.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the antioxidant and protective effects of AGE on endothelial cells and macrophages against Ox-LDL.
- To evaluate AGE's impact on oxidative stress markers and nitric oxide production.
Main Methods:
- Assessed lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and glutathione (GSH) levels in bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC) exposed to Ox-LDL.
- Measured peroxide levels in PAEC and murine macrophages (J774 cells) treated with Ox-LDL and AGE.
- Quantified nitric oxide (NO) production in J774 cells stimulated with AGE, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
- Evaluated AGE's hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging activity in a cell-free system.
Main Results:
- Ox-LDL induced LDH release and GSH depletion in PAEC, which were prevented by AGE pretreatment.
- AGE inhibited Ox-LDL-induced peroxides in PAEC and suppressed peroxides in J774 cells dose-dependently.
- AGE significantly inhibited NO production in J774 cells.
- AGE demonstrated dose-dependent H2O2 scavenging activity in vitro.
Conclusions:
- AGE protects endothelial cells from Ox-LDL injury by maintaining intracellular GSH and reducing peroxides.
- AGE mitigates oxidative stress and NO production in macrophages.
- AGE shows promise as a protective agent against Ox-LDL and NO cytotoxicity, potentially aiding in the prevention of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases.