Extracellular proteins in fungi: a cytological and molecular perspective

Protein secretion is a vital process in fungi. For many, the secretion of hydrolytic enzymes provides a crucial step in their nutrition in nature. However, in recent years the list of different types of secreted proteins that have been discovered has extended significantly. These have been shown to have a diversity of functions including toxic molecule transport and control of desiccation. The majority of secreted proteins are glycosylated and our understanding of this aspect of fungal biochemistry has also extended in recent years. This review addresses the process of protein secretion from the cytological, biochemical and genetical standpoints. Advances in technology in many areas of scientific approach have enabled a better and understanding of this important process in fungi.