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HIV and the returning expatriate.

M E Jones1

  • 1Regional Infectious Diseases Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.

Journal of Travel Medicine
|June 26, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Global Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevalence reached 29.4 million in 1996, primarily through heterosexual contact. HIV spread rapidly in Asia, with imported infections increasingly prevalent in the UK.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Global Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) seroprevalence was 29.4 million in 1996.
  • Heterosexual intercourse accounts for 75-85% of adult HIV infections.
  • Sub-Saharan Africa is the most affected region, with rapid spread in Asia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the global epidemiology of HIV.
  • To highlight the transmission routes and geographical spread of HIV.
  • To assess the impact of imported HIV infections in the UK.

Main Methods:

  • Review of global HIV seroprevalence data.
  • Analysis of HIV transmission patterns.
  • Examination of HIV case data in the UK.

Main Results:

  • Over 29.4 million people were living with HIV globally by the end of 1996.
  • Heterosexual transmission was the predominant route, accounting for over 70% of adult infections.
  • Imported HIV infections represented a significant proportion of new cases in the UK (25% in 1995, 18% in 1996).
  • At least 38% of new HIV cases in Scotland in 1996 were imported.

Conclusions:

  • HIV remains a major global health concern with widespread seroprevalence.
  • Heterosexual transmission is the primary driver of the HIV epidemic worldwide.
  • The increasing prevalence of imported HIV infections necessitates targeted public health interventions in non-endemic countries like the UK.

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