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Cutaneous tuberculosis: a twenty-year prospective study.

B Kumar1, S Muralidhar

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. medinst@pgi.chd.nic.in

The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease : the Official Journal of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
|June 26, 1999
PubMed
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Cutaneous tuberculosis most commonly presents as lupus vulgaris. Disseminated disease, more frequent in unvaccinated individuals, indicates spread, often signaled by lymphadenopathy.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cutaneous tuberculosis (CTB) is a significant global health issue.
  • Understanding CTB clinical patterns is crucial for diagnosis and management.
  • Limited data exists on CTB presentation in Northern India.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate clinical presentations of CTB.
  • To correlate CTB with Mantoux reactivity and BCG vaccination status.
  • To propose an improved clinical classification for CTB.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of CTB patient records from 1975-1995.
  • Data collected from a tertiary care hospital in Northern India.
  • Evaluation of clinical forms, Mantoux reactivity, BCG status, and disease dissemination.

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Main Results:

  • Lupus vulgaris was the most common CTB form (55%), followed by scrofuloderma (26.8%).
  • Disease dissemination occurred in 22.1% of cases, more common with gumma and scrofuloderma.
  • Regional lymphadenopathy correlated with disseminated disease (71.7% vs 34.7%).
  • Lower BCG vaccination rates were observed in disseminated CTB (80.3% unvaccinated vs 65.5% localized).

Conclusions:

  • Lupus vulgaris and scrofuloderma are predominant CTB forms.
  • Clinical classification requires refinement to include smear status and disseminated disease.
  • Regional lymphadenopathy is a key indicator of CTB dissemination.
  • BCG vaccination may offer some protection against disseminated CTB.