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Elevation of urinary enzyme levels in rat bladder carcinogenesis
E M Youssef1, H Wanibuchi, S Mori
1First Department of Pathology, Osaka City University Medical School, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
Carcinogenesis
|June 29, 1999
Summary
High urinary enzyme levels correlate with bladder cancer development in rats. Measuring these enzymes in urine may offer a non-invasive method for detecting malignant changes in bladder epithelium.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Urology
- Oncology
Background:
- N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (NBH) is a known carcinogen used to induce bladder cancer in experimental models.
- Dietary promoters like uracil and sodium L-ascorbate can influence cancer incidence and progression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the correlation between urinary enzyme levels and bladder cancer development in rats.
- To assess the potential of urinary enzyme analysis as a diagnostic tool for bladder cancer.
Main Methods:
- Rats were administered NBH followed by specific dietary promoters (uracil or sodium L-ascorbate) or a basal diet.
- Urine samples were collected at multiple time points (12, 24, and 36 weeks) and analyzed for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminase, and aspartate aminotransferase activities.
- Enzyme levels were normalized to creatinine excretion and analyzed using a centrifugal automatic analyzer.
Main Results:
- Rats with induced bladder carcinomas exhibited significantly elevated urinary enzyme activities (except LDH in females) at weeks 24 and/or 36.
- A reversed M/H ratio of LDH isozymes was observed in rats with carcinomas.
- A strong correlation was found between increased urinary enzyme levels and the presence of bladder cancer lesions.
Conclusions:
- Urinary enzyme profiles can serve as potential biomarkers for detecting bladder cancer in rats.
- Non-invasive urine analysis for specific enzymes may offer a promising method for early cancer detection.