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Related Experiment Videos

Immunisation strategies for viral diseases in developing countries.

T A Ruff1

  • 1International Health Unit, Macfarlane Burnet Centre for Medical Research, Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia.

Reviews in Medical Virology
|July 1, 1999
PubMed
Summary

The Expanded Programme on Immunisation has significantly increased infant vaccination coverage and prevented millions of deaths annually. Continued efforts are needed to ensure equitable access to vaccines and address challenges like unsafe injection practices.

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Area of Science:

  • Global public health
  • Vaccinology
  • Infectious disease control

Background:

  • The Expanded Programme on Immunisation (EPI) has achieved remarkable success, raising infant immunisation coverage from 5% to 80% and preventing millions of deaths annually.
  • Global targets for poliomyelitis eradication are nearing feasibility, with measles identified as the next potential target for eradication through strategic immunisation approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the achievements and ongoing challenges of global immunisation programmes.
  • To highlight the importance of equitable vaccine access, safe injection practices, and strategic resource allocation for disease control and eradication.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical data and outcomes of the Expanded Programme on Immunisation.
  • Analysis of current immunisation strategies, including catch-up, keep-up, and follow-up approaches.

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  • Examination of challenges such as unsafe injection practices and global inequities in vaccine access.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant increase in infant immunisation coverage and substantial reduction in annual deaths attributed to vaccine-preventable diseases.
    • Demonstrated effectiveness of specific strategies in disease control and the feasibility of eradicating diseases like polio and measles.
    • Identified substantial global burden from unsafe injection practices and risks of increasing inequity in accessing new, more costly vaccines.

    Conclusions:

    • Equitable distribution of immunisation benefits requires addressing resource allocation priorities and ensuring access to both established and new vaccines.
    • Strategies for targeted support, prioritisation of new vaccines, careful procurement, and tiered pricing are crucial for equity and sustainability.
    • Increased resources for immunisation, supported by strong advocacy on public health, ethical, cost-effectiveness, and legal grounds, are vital to overcome technical and operational challenges.