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Comprehensive evaluation of selected methods for assessing human body composition.

S Demura1, H Kobayashi, K Tanaka

  • 1Faculty of Education, Kanazawa University.

Applied Human Science : Journal of Physiological Anthropology
|July 1, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Bioelectrical impedance (BI) is the most effective method for assessing body composition. This study found BI, along with sulfur hexafluoride (SHD), to be more valid than skinfold calipers for total body composition analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Human physiology
  • Body composition analysis

Background:

  • Accurate body composition assessment is crucial for health and performance.
  • Various methods exist, including skinfold caliper (SF), ultrasound (US), bioelectrical impedance (BI), and sulfur hexafluoride (SHD), each with unique strengths and limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the validity, reliability, objectivity, and practicability of SF, US, BI, and SHD methods.
  • To evaluate the comprehensive usefulness of these methods for assessing human body composition in vivo.
  • To compare selected methods and equations for optimal body composition estimation.

Main Methods:

  • Compared SF, US, BI, and SHD using identical healthy Japanese subjects (16 males, 15 females, aged 18-32).
  • Utilized underwater weighing (UW) as the criterion measure for validity assessment.

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  • Applied a suitable prediction equation for BI (Nakadomo et al., 1990b).

    • Main Results:

    • Bioelectrical impedance (BI) and sulfur hexafluoride (SHD) demonstrated higher validity for total body composition compared to methods assessing partial subcutaneous skinfold thickness.
    • The prediction equation by Nakadomo et al. (1990b) was deemed suitable for BI.
    • Comprehensive evaluation favored BI as the optimal method.

    Conclusions:

    • Bioelectrical impedance (BI) emerged as the most practical and valid method for in vivo human body composition assessment.
    • BI and SHD offer superior accuracy for total body composition compared to skinfold-based methods.
    • Further research may refine equations for enhanced accuracy across diverse populations.