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Genotype-environment interaction in human obesity.

L Pérusse1, C Bouchard

  • 1Division of Kinesiology, PEPS-Laval University, Quebec, Canada.

Nutrition Reviews
|July 3, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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Individual responses to diet and exercise vary significantly, impacting obesity-related traits. Genetic factors likely explain these differences in energy balance regulation and obesity susceptibility.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Metabolism
  • Obesity Research

Background:

  • Individual responses to changes in energy balance (diet, exercise) show significant variation.
  • This heterogeneity affects obesity-related phenotypes like body weight and fat distribution.
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for personalized health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence for individual differences in response to energy balance alterations.
  • To explore the role of genetic factors in this heterogeneity.
  • To highlight the importance of gene-environment interactions in obesity susceptibility.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on energy balance, diet, exercise, and obesity.
  • Analysis of data on individual variability in response to metabolic challenges.

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  • Synthesis of findings related to genetic influences on obesity phenotypes.

    • Main Results:

    • Ubiquitous individual differences exist in responses to dietary and exercise interventions affecting energy balance.
    • These variations are evident in body weight, overall body fat, and abdominal visceral fat.
    • Genetic factors are strongly implicated as a primary driver of this responsiveness heterogeneity.

    Conclusions:

    • Genetic variation across multiple genes likely contributes to differential susceptibility to obesity.
    • Gene-environment interactions are key to understanding the molecular basis of obesity.
    • Future research will likely identify specific genetic and molecular causes for obesity susceptibility.