Local norming of the test of adolescent/adult language-3 in the Ottawa Speech and Language Study

The young adult norms for the Test of Adolescent/Adult Language-3 (TOAL-3; D. Hammill et al., 1994) are based only on individuals who pursued postsecondary education, a restriction that renders the norms inappropriate for many clinical and research purposes. This research note details the rationale, methods, and results of a local norming of the TOAL-3 spoken language subtests, based on participants from the Ottawa Speech and Language Study (C. J. Johnson et al., 1999). The resulting Ottawa norms represent the full range of young adult language abilities and, therefore, can be used with caution for some clinical and research purposes.