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New delivery systems and propellants.

M Dolovich1

  • 1McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada. mdolovic@fhs.mcmaster.ca

Canadian Respiratory Journal
|July 7, 1999
PubMed
Summary

The Montreal Protocol mandates replacing chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) propellants with hydrofluoroalkanes (HFAs) in inhalers. This transition impacts respiratory medication delivery, with ongoing research into HFA inhaler efficacy and aerosol characteristics.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Pharmaceutical Science
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • The Montreal Protocol mandates the phase-out of ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
  • Pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) received temporary exemptions for medical use.
  • Hydrofluoroalkanes (HFAs) are proposed as environmentally safer alternatives to CFC propellants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the in vitro aerosol characteristics, in vivo deposition, and clinical data of HFA pMDIs.
  • To discuss the transition from CFC to HFA inhalers in Canada and potential challenges.
  • To compare HFA pMDIs with alternative respiratory drug delivery systems.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of in vitro aerosol properties.
  • Analysis of in vivo drug deposition studies.
  • Examination of clinical trial data for HFA pMDIs.

Main Results:

  • HFAs have negligible ozone depletion potential and lower global warming potential than CFCs.
  • HFA pMDIs are being developed as replacements for CFC inhalers, with varying aerosol properties and clinical equivalence.
  • Currently, only one HFA salbutamol pMDI (Airomir) is available in Canada.

Conclusions:

  • The transition to HFA inhalers is progressing, but careful evaluation of aerosol characteristics and clinical efficacy is crucial.
  • HFA inhalers represent a significant advancement in environmentally responsible respiratory drug delivery.
  • Alternative delivery systems like dry powder inhalers and nebulizers warrant consideration.

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