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Related Experiment Videos

Vortices in rotating superfluid 3He.

O V Lounasmaa1, E Thuneberg

  • 1Low Temperature Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, Box 2200, 02015 HUT, Espoo, Finland.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|July 8, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Superfluid helium-3 (3He) exhibits exotic vortex structures, including spin-mass vortices and diverse forms in the A phase. Experiments using NMR and neutron absorption offer insights into particle physics and cosmology.

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Area of Science:

  • Low-temperature physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum fluids

Background:

  • Superfluid helium-3 (3He) possesses unique properties at millikelvin temperatures.
  • Rotating superfluids present challenges, often resolved by vortex line arrays.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review knowledge on vortices in superfluid 3He obtained by the ROTA collaboration.
  • To describe experimental detection and characterization of various vortex types in 3He.
  • To explore potential applications of 3He research in particle physics and cosmology.

Main Methods:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) for detecting and characterizing vortices in 3He.
  • Other experimental methods employed by ROTA scientists.
  • Local heating of superfluid 3He-B via neutron absorption.

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Main Results:

  • Experimental detection of seven distinct vortex types in 3He using NMR.
  • Identification of two distinct vortex core structures in 3He-B, both with broken symmetry.
  • Discovery of spin-mass vortices with coupled spin and mass currents.
  • Observation of diverse vortex structures (lines, sheets, bulk) in 3He-A.
  • Demonstration of using neutron-induced events in 3He-B to test Big Bang models.

Conclusions:

  • Superfluid 3He hosts a rich variety of vortex phenomena with complex structures.
  • NMR is a powerful tool for studying these vortices.
  • 3He research has potential applications in fundamental physics, including cosmology.