Effects of surface-coupled polyethylene oxide on human macrophage adhesion and foreign body giant cell formation in...

Surface immobilized polyethylene oxide (PEO) has been shown to efficiently reduce protein adsorption and cellular adhesion, resulting in a biologically passive surface. To explore the in vitro effects of surface immobilized PEO on the human inflammatory cells, macrophages, and foreign body giant cells (FBGCs), we developed a diisocyanate-based method for coupling PEO to amine-modified glass, a surface previously shown to enhance macrophage adhesion and FBGC formation. Contact angle analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of PEO molecules bound to the surface and revealed that PEO molecular weight significantly influenced the efficiency of PEO coupling. We used a 10-day human monocyte culture protocol to demonstrate that the presence of surface coupled PEO molecules does not significantly decrease initial monocyte density or monocyte-derived macrophage density after 3 days. However, PEO-coupled surfaces significantly reduced long-term monocyte-derived macrophage density and virtually eliminated interleukin-4-induced FBGC formation observed at day 10. The cellular response to these PEO-coupled surfaces was related to the molecular weight of the PEO chains, which was varied between 200 Da and 18.5 kDa. These results suggest that an optimized PEO surface treatment may be effective in reducing inflammatory cell adhesion and possible degradation during the inflammatory response to an implanted biomedical device.