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Acute myeloid leukemia with t(5;11): two case reports.

M Itoh1, T Okazaki, M Tashima

  • 1Department of Hematology and Oncology, Clinical Sciences for Pathological Organs, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan.

Leukemia Research
|July 10, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Rare chromosome 5;11 translocations in acute myeloid leukemia cases showed monocytic features, hyperleukocytosis, and chemoresistance. These findings highlight unique genetic markers in specific leukemia subtypes.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Cytogenetics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) encompasses diverse subtypes with distinct genetic alterations.
  • Chromosomal translocations are key drivers in leukemogenesis, influencing disease presentation and treatment response.
  • Translocations involving chromosome 11q and 5q are infrequently reported in myeloid leukemias.

Observation:

  • Two cases of acute leukemia with rare t(5;11) translocations are presented.
  • One case of acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL) exhibited t(5;11)(q31;q23).
  • A second case of acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMMoL) showed t(5;11)(q35;q13.1).

Findings:

  • Despite subtle differences in translocation breakpoints, both cases displayed significant monocytic morphology.

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  • Both patients presented with hyperleukocytosis, indicating a high white blood cell count.
  • The leukemic cells demonstrated resistance to chemotherapy, posing a treatment challenge.
  • Implications:

    • The t(5;11) translocation may represent a distinct genetic subgroup within acute myeloid leukemia.
    • Understanding these rare translocations is crucial for accurate diagnosis and prognostication.
    • The observed chemoresistance underscores the need for exploring alternative therapeutic strategies for these specific leukemia subtypes.