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Immunohistochemical and Calcium Imaging Methods in Wholemount Rat Retina
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Published on: October 13, 2014

Resistance of retinal extracellular space to Ca2+ level decrease: implications for the synaptic effects of divalent

A Dmitriev1, A Pignatelli, M Piccolino

  • 1Dipartimento di Biologia, Sezione di Fisiologia Generale, Università di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.

Journal of Neurophysiology
|July 13, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Even in calcium-free solutions, retinal extracellular calcium ([Ca2+]o) remains sufficiently high in deep retinal layers to support synaptic transmission. This finding supports the classical calcium-dependent theory of neurotransmission.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Extracellular calcium ([Ca2+]o) is crucial for chemical synaptic transmission.
  • Previous studies suggest that deep retinal layers might maintain sufficient [Ca2+]o for synaptic function even in low-calcium conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate extracellular calcium concentrations in deep retinal layers of the Pseudemys turtle under low-calcium conditions.
  • To determine if sustained synaptic transmission is possible in these layers despite prolonged exposure to low-calcium media.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized ion-sensitive microelectrodes to measure [Ca2+]o variations.
  • Employed a superfused eyecup preparation from Pseudemys turtle retina.
  • Applied nominally calcium-free media and media with EGTA and 1 nM calcium.

Main Results:

  • [Ca2+]o in deep retinal layers (100-200 microns) remained above 1 mM after 30-60 minutes of nominally calcium-free media application.
  • [Ca2+]o was still greater than 0.3 mM after 30 minutes of exposure to media with 1 nM calcium and EGTA.
  • Observed persistence or enhancement of synaptic transmission from photoreceptors to horizontal cells in low-calcium conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Deep retinal layers maintain adequate extracellular calcium levels to sustain chemical synaptic transmission.
  • The observed synaptic transmission in low-calcium conditions can be explained by the classical calcium-dependent mechanism.
  • Reduced extracellular calcium may paradoxically increase calcium influx into synaptic terminals due to altered membrane charge screening.