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Extrapineal melatonin: location and role within diffuse neuroendocrine system
1Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Medical Radiological Research Centre of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Obninsk, Russia.
The Histochemical Journal
|July 16, 1999
Summary
Melatonin, a hormone once thought to be solely from the pineal gland, is now found in numerous extrapineal tissues and non-neuroendocrine cells. This widespread presence suggests extrapineal melatonin acts as a crucial paracrine signal for local intercellular communication.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Neuroscience
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Melatonin was historically considered exclusive to the pineal gland.
- Recent advancements have identified melatonin in various extrapineal tissues and cell types.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the distribution and potential function of extrapineal melatonin.
- To understand melatonin's role beyond the pineal gland within the diffuse neuroendocrine system.
Main Methods:
- Utilized highly sensitive antibodies to detect indolealkylamines.
- Performed immunolocalization studies to identify melatonin in diverse tissues and cells.
Main Results:
- Melatonin identified in numerous extrapineal sites including retina, gut, liver, kidney, and placenta.
- Melatonin also localized in non-neuroendocrine cells like mast cells, platelets, and endothelial cells.
- Melatonin's presence spans nearly all organ systems.
Conclusions:
- Extrapineal melatonin is widespread, indicating a significant role in local physiological processes.
- Melatonin functions as a universal regulator of biological rhythms and a paracrine signal molecule.
- Extrapineal melatonin is integral to the diffuse neuroendocrine system for intercellular coordination and organism protection.